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Dagstuhl Seminar 16491

Symbolic-Numeric Methods for Reliable and Trustworthy Problem Solving in Cyber-Physical Domains

( Dec 04 – Dec 09, 2016 )

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Please use the following short url to reference this page: https://www.dagstuhl.de/16491

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Motivation

With the advent of cyber-physical systems that are increasingly penetrating our life, we are facing an ever-growing and permanent dependency on their reliable availability, continued function, and situationally adequate behavior even in highly sensitive application domains. As cyber-physical systems comprise complex, heteromorphic software systems, their reliability engineering calls for combinations of theories and methods traditionally considered separate. While we have recently seen some of the necessary combinations blossom, e.g., the theory of hybrid systems bridging continuous control with reactive systems, other areas remain less developed and explored. A prominent one is the role of numerics in cyber-physical systems: while it is obvious that cyber-physical systems increasingly rely on numerical software components, e.g., in signal processing or in state representation and extrapolation during situation assessment and planning, specific methods for addressing the issues associated, like consequences of numerical inaccuracy and methods for confining propagation of errors, are just in their infancy. This is in stark contrast to the use of numerics in more mature branches of computing, like signal processing or numerical analysis, where quantization effects as well as genesis and propagation of numerical error is well understood and dedicated methods for controlling it in critical application, like various forms of interval-based numerical algorithms, are readily available. The aforementioned “traditional” methods are, however, not versatile enough to cope with the cyber-physical setting, where numerical results, like state extrapolations over significant temporal horizons, enter into complex and safety-critical decision making, rendering error propagation potentially highly discontinuous. It seems that future critical applications, like automated driving contributing to the EU’s “Vision Zero” of eliminating fatalities in road-bound traffic, consequently call for novel means of analyzing and controlling the impact of numerics on system correctness, complemented by pertinent means of verification for establishing the safety case. The germs of such methods obviously have to be sought in the research areas relevant to problem solving in cyber-physical domains:

  1. Design and analysis methods for hybrid discrete-continuous phenomena, in particular verification of numerical reactive systems such as embedded floating-point programs and hybrid systems, including novel means of error-propagation analysis;
  2. Verified numerics and arithmetic constraint, including verified integrations, interval or otherwise set-based methods and arithmetic constraint solving involving symbolic and/or numeric reasoning, and
  3. Planning and rigorous optimization in arithmetic domains, enclosing reactive and in-advance planning and optimization methods in complexly constrained spaces, robotics, astrodynamics and more.

The seminar aims at getting together prominent researchers from all the aforementioned areas, targeting a cross-fertilization between their fields of expertise and facilitating transfer of concepts, methods, and tools between the domains. The consequential combination of up to now only loosely coupled areas will shed light on how advanced numerical methods can help improve the state of the art in rigorously interpreting and controlling cyber-physical phenomena, and it will naturally include the broad set of domain-specific solutions to the pertinent issues of predicting the performance impact and controlling the propagation of error in various schemes of numeric and blended symbolic-numeric computation.


Summary

With the advent of cyber-physical systems increasingly penetrating our life, we are facing an ever-growing and permanent dependency on their reliable availability, continued function, and situationally adequate behavior even in highly sensitive application domains. As cyber-physical systems comprise complex, heteromorphic software systems, their reliability engineering calls for combinations of theories and methods traditionally considered separate. While we have recently seen some of the necessary combinations blossom, e.g. the theory of hybrid systems bridging continuous control with reactive systems, other areas remain less developed and explored. A prominent one is the role of numerics in cyber-physical systems: while it is obvious that cyber-physical systems increasingly rely on numerical software components, e.g., in signal processing or in state representation and extrapolation during situation assessment and planning, specific methods for addressing the issues associated, like consequences of numerical inaccuracy and methods for confining propagation of errors, are just in their infancy. This is in stark contrast to the use of numerics in more mature branches of computing, like signal processing or numerical analysis, where quantization effects as well as genesis and propagation of numerical error is well-understood and dedicated methods for controlling it in critical application, like various forms of interval-based numerical algorithms, are readily available. The aforementioned ``traditional'' methods are, however, not versatile enough to cope with the cyber-physical setting, where numerical results, like state extrapolations over significant temporal horizons, enter into complex and safety-critical decision making, rendering error propagation potentially highly discontinuous. It seems that future critical applications, like automated driving contributing to the EU's "Vision Zero" of eliminating fatalities in road-bound traffic, consequently call for novel means of analyzing and controlling the impact of numerics on system correctness, complemented by pertinent means of verification for establishing the safety case. The germs of such methods obviously have to be sought in the fields of design and verification of cyber-physical systems, i.e. in particular, (1) hybrid discrete-continuous systems, as well as (2) verified numerics, arithmetic constraint solving also involving symbolic reasoning, and (3) planning and rigorous optimization in arithmetic domains. The seminar gathered prominent researchers from all these fields in order to address the pressing problems induced by our societal dependence on cyber-physical systems.

As argued above, bringing together researchers dealing with hybrid discrete-continuous systems, with verified numerics in arithmetic constraint solving, and with planning and optimization in arithmetic domains can help improve the state of the art in rigorously interpreting and controlling cyber-physical phenomena. In the sequel, we review existing and potential contributions of the three fields to problem solving in cyber-physical domains and sketch potentials for cross-fertilization, which was the aim of the proposed seminar.

Copyright Sergiy Bogomolov, Martin Fränzle, Kyoko Makino, and Nacim Ramdani

Participants
  • Erika Abraham (RWTH Aachen, DE) [dblp]
  • Julien Alexandre dit Sandretto (ENSTA - Palaiseau, FR) [dblp]
  • Roman Bartak (Charles University - Prague, CZ) [dblp]
  • Sergiy Bogomolov (Australian National University - Canberra, AU) [dblp]
  • Martin Brain (University of Oxford, GB) [dblp]
  • Mauricio Castillo-Effen (General Electric - Niskayuna, US) [dblp]
  • Alexandre Chapoutot (ENSTA - Palaiseau, FR) [dblp]
  • Xin Chen (University of Colorado - Boulder, US) [dblp]
  • Chih-Hong Cheng (fortiss GmbH - München, DE) [dblp]
  • Eva Darulova (MPI-SWS - Saarbrücken, DE) [dblp]
  • Parasara Sridhar Duggirala (University of Connecticut - Storrs, US) [dblp]
  • Georgios Fainekos (Arizona State University - Tempe, US) [dblp]
  • Martin Fränzle (Universität Oldenburg, DE) [dblp]
  • Mirco Giacobbe (IST Austria - Klosterneuburg, AT) [dblp]
  • Eric Goubault (Ecole Polytechnique - Palaiseau, FR) [dblp]
  • Michael W. Hofbaur (Joanneum Research - Klagenfurt/Wörthersee, AT) [dblp]
  • Kyoko Makino (Michigan State University - East Lansing, US) [dblp]
  • Marius Mikucionis (Aalborg University, DK) [dblp]
  • Ned Nedialkov (McMaster University - Hamilton, CA) [dblp]
  • Markus Neher (KIT - Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, DE) [dblp]
  • Junkil Park (University of Pennsylvania - Philadelphia, US) [dblp]
  • Pavithra Prabhakar (Kansas State University - Manhattan, US) [dblp]
  • John D. Pryce (Cardiff University, GB) [dblp]
  • Sylvie Putot (Ecole Polytechnique - Palaiseau, FR) [dblp]
  • Nacim Ramdani (University of Orléans, FR) [dblp]
  • Stefan Ratschan (The Czech Academy of Sciences - Prague, CZ) [dblp]
  • Rajarshi Ray (NIT - Meghalaya, IN) [dblp]
  • Anne Remke (Universität Münster, DE) [dblp]
  • Karsten Scheibler (Universität Freiburg, DE) [dblp]
  • Zhikun She (Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, CN) [dblp]
  • Walid Taha (Halmstad University, SE) [dblp]
  • Yuichi Tazaki (Kobe University, JP) [dblp]
  • Tino Teige (BTC-ES AG - Oldenburg, DE) [dblp]
  • Louise Travé-Massuyès (LAAS - Toulouse, FR) [dblp]
  • Stavros Tripakis (University of California - Berkeley, US) [dblp]
  • Alexander Wittig (ESA / ESTEC - Noordwijk, NL)

Classification
  • artificial intelligence / robotics
  • semantics / formal methods
  • verification / logic

Keywords
  • Cyber-physical systems
  • hybrid systems
  • verification
  • constraint solving
  • verified numerical methods
  • planning
  • optimization methods